Portable Jump Starter

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Portable Jump Starter, Car Battery Q&A

Q: What is the car battery charging voltage? What voltage is required to charge it?
A: Portable Jump Starter, A 12V car battery can be charged over a range of voltages. It needs at least 12.9 volts to charge, but at this voltage, the charge rate of an automobile battery is very slow. A car battery can be charged safely at high voltages as long as the battery is not fully charged. So alternator voltages and car battery chargers voltages can go over 15V safely, as long as the battery is monitored to make sure that it isn’t overcharged. These higher voltages allow the battery to be charged faster. But if you want to leave the battery on the charger to keep it topped off, a float voltage of 13.6V to 13.8V is usually used.

Q: What is the 12V car battery voltage range as it is charging and discharging?
A: Portable Jump Starter, the Car battery voltage will change depending on its condition. When the engine is off the battery’s open-circuit voltage is 12.9 volts. A freshly charged battery, either by alternator or charger, can measure higher voltage than that by accumulating non-chemical charge on the plates like a capacitor, so it might have to sit for a while or be discharged a little to get to that voltage. As the battery discharges the voltage will sag down to 10 volts or lower. If the battery stays above 11.8 volts it will generally still start the vehicle.

Q: Can a car battery freeze when it gets too cold?
A: Portable Jump Starter, When a lead acid battery is fully charged the electrolyte is sulfuric acid with a freezing point of below -40°C. When the battery is fully discharged all the sulfate ions are consumed and the electrolyte is mostly pure water with a freezing point of zero degrees C. So it is not unusual to go out to a car that has a dead battery in the mid winter and find that the battery won’t accept any charge current. It needs to warm up before it can be charged, and then it won’t freeze again until it is discharged.

Q: How long does it take to recharge the battery after starting the engine?
A: Portable Jump Starter, Not very long. This is not too hard to estimate. Typical 12 volt car batteries are rated for cold cranking amps, and the one I use has 800 CCA. So being very very conservative lets assume that it takes 800 amps to start the car. I have three cars, 17 years old, 14 years old, and 22 years old, they all start in less than 3 seconds, but to be conservative let’s assume 10 seconds. So 10 seconds times 800 amps is 8000 amp-seconds (8000 coulombs for you physicists) or 2.2 amp-hours. If the alternator is sourcing 80 amps, this will be replaced in 99 seconds.

A more accurate calculation would be 200 amps for 3 seconds, which would be replaced in less than 8 seconds.

Q: Why does driving short distances flatten my battery?
A: Portable Jump Starter, Well, it does a number on my battery. I have a 5 mile commute to work, and in the winter I have the headlights, the seat heater, the heater fans and pump and the rear window defroster going continuously in the morning and in the evening. Not to mention the radio blasting. And of course the battery is cold, in the bottom of the trunk, so it will charge slower. This doesn’t give the battery much of a chance to charge or overcharge to de-stratify the acid with a few bubbles. In my Jaguar the windows slide down half an inch when the door opens to avoid the top seal. When the battery voltage gets low the car lets me know by not raising the windows back up when the door closes. I bought a new battery last spring, and by December the windows are giving me trouble. As the days lengthen and I don’t use the headlights as much the car battery charge eventually fills up.

Q: Should I add water to the battery before or after I charge it?
A: Portable Jump Starter, Add the water before you charge. The charging process will create bubbles that help mix the acid. The charging process, even with a completely out of control battery charger, will not consume much water during one charge. I should also mention that modern charging systems with accurate voltage regulations will not consume any appreciable water, and of course, the sealed batteries recycle their water, so you can’t replace it.